Vaginal dryness isn’t just a minor inconvenience—it’s a life-altering symptom that millions of women endure in silence. Why? Because society has taught us to accept it as an inevitable part of aging. But here’s the truth: vaginal dryness is incredibly common, but it’s not something you have to suffer through. Nearly half of postmenopausal women experience it, and for those over 65, that number climbs even higher¹.

Menopause changes your body, but it shouldn’t take away your comfort or confidence. Understanding the causes of vaginal dryness is crucial for finding effective solutions. Hormonal changes, particularly drops in estrogen levels during menopause, are a primary reason for this condition, but these changes can occur at any age due to multiple causes. The sooner you take action, the easier it is to find relief. Whether you’re experiencing mild discomfort or painful sex, solutions exist to help you feel like yourself again. Let’s break the silence and talk about what’s really going on—so you can get the care you deserve.

01

Understanding Vaginal Dryness

Vaginal dryness, medically known as vaginal atrophy, is a common condition that many women experience, especially during and after menopause. This condition occurs when the vaginal tissues become thinner, drier, and less elastic due to a decrease in estrogen levels. As estrogen levels drop, the vaginal lining loses its natural moisture and suppleness, leading to discomfort and pain.

The symptoms of vaginal dryness can be more than just a nuisance. Women may experience pain and bleeding during sexual intercourse, making intimacy a challenge. Additionally, the lack of moisture can increase the risk of vaginal infections and urinary tract infections, further complicating your health and well-being. Understanding the underlying changes in vaginal tissues can help in recognising and addressing this condition effectively.

Estrogen is a crucial component of vaginal health. It keeps the vaginal tissue thick, elastic, and well-lubricated. But during menopause, estrogen levels plummet, and with it, the vagina’s natural moisture and suppleness disappear². This can lead to what’s known as genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM)—a frustrating mix of vaginal dryness, irritation, and even urinary issues³.

Without enough estrogen, the vaginal walls thin, making everything from sitting to sex uncomfortable. You might experience:

• Burning or itching that just won’t go away⁴.
• Painful intercourse, making intimacy something to avoid⁵.
• Changes in vaginal discharge, or none at all⁶.
• Frequent urinary tract infections, leaving you frustrated and uncomfortable⁷.

The longer vaginal dryness goes untreated, the worse it can get. But the good news? There are plenty of effective solutions—let’s explore them.

02

Causes and Risk Factors

Vaginal dryness can stem from various causes, with the most common being a decrease in estrogen levels during menopause. However, other factors can also contribute to this condition:

• Medications: Certain medications, such as antidepressants and blood pressure medications, can lead to vaginal dryness.
• Hormonal Imbalances: Fluctuations in hormone levels, whether due to aging or medical conditions, can affect vaginal moisture.
• Postpartum Hormonal Changes: After birth and during breastfeeding, natural hormonal changes can lead to decreased vaginal lubrication.
• Smoking: Smoking can impair blood flow and reduce estrogen levels, exacerbating vaginal dryness.
• Medical Treatments: Treatments like chemotherapy and radiation therapy, especially for breast cancer, can impact estrogen levels and vaginal health.
• Vaginal Discharge or Infections: Conditions that affect vaginal discharge or lead to urinary tract infections can also contribute to dryness.

Risk factors for vaginal dryness include:

• Age: Women over 40 are more likely to experience vaginal dryness.
• Menopause: This is a significant period when vaginal dryness occurs due to hormonal changes.
• Medical Conditions: Conditions like diabetes and thyroid disorders can increase the risk.
• Medications: Certain drugs, including those for depression and high blood pressure, can contribute to dryness.

03

Symptoms and Diagnosis

The symptoms of vaginal dryness can vary, but common signs include:

• Dryness or itchiness in the vaginal area.
• Pain during sexual intercourse, often leading to avoidance of intimacy.
• Bleeding or spotting during or after sexual intercourse.
• Increased risk of vaginal infections and urinary tract infections.
• Decreased libido due to discomfort and pain.

Diagnosing vaginal dryness typically involves a physical examination and medical history review. A pelvic exam may be performed to assess signs of vaginal atrophy, and vaginal discharge samples may be taken. In some cases, further tests such as a Pap test or biopsy may be recommended.

It’s crucial to seek medical attention if you experience severe vaginal dryness, pain during intercourse, vaginal bleeding, or recurrent infections.

04

You Have Options: How to Treat Vaginal Dryness

The first step to relief is knowing that help is out there. From simple lifestyle changes to medical treatments, effective options exist.

Vaginal Moisturisers and Lubricants

• Vaginal moisturisers provide long-lasting hydration and support vaginal tissue health⁸.
• Lubricants offer immediate relief during sex, reducing friction and discomfort⁹.
• Hyaluronic acid-based moisturisers can be as effective as estrogen creams¹¹.

Vaginal Estrogen Therapy: Targeted Relief at the Source

• Replenishes moisture and elasticity.
• Strengthens the vaginal lining.
• Improves sexual function and reduces pain¹².

Available forms include creams, tablets, and rings offering sustained relief¹³. Local application minimises systemic side effects¹⁴.

Small Changes, Big Impact: Lifestyle Tips

• Stay hydrated to support overall moisture levels¹⁶.
• Avoid scented soaps and douches¹⁷.
• Maintain regular sexual activity to promote blood flow⁵.

05

When to See a Doctor

If vaginal dryness interferes with daily life, consult a healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment options¹⁸.

06

You Deserve Comfort

Menopause is unavoidable, but vaginal discomfort isn’t. With the right support and treatment, comfort and confidence are possible.